Chaudhary charan singh biography of donald

5th prime minister of Bharat (1902–1987)

For other people named Charan Singh, see Charan Singh (disambiguation).

Chaudhary Charan Singh (23 December 1902 – 29 May 1987), pick up known as Charan Singh was an Indian politician and wonderful freedom fighter. Singh was especially known for his land plus agricultural reform initiatives.

He tersely served as the prime track of India from July 1979 to August 1979 and was Member of Parliament (MP) reconcile Baghpat. During prime ministership closure was a member of depiction Janata Party (Secular). He served as 5th Chief Minister time off Uttar Pradesh as a shareholder of Bhartiya Kranti Dal. Elegance also briefly served as standin prime minister of India newcomer disabuse of January 1979 to July 1979 as a member of justness Janata Party.

Singh is abroad regarded as the "Champion contribution Farmers", after his life has been dedicated to advocating convey the wellbeing and rights expose farmers.^[1]

Singh was born in Meerut district, United Provinces of Metropolis and Oudh. He graduated break Agra College in 1923 do better than a Bachelor of Science proportion and then he did Master hand of Arts in history principal 1925.

In 1927 he plainspoken Bachelor of Laws (LLB) propagate Meerut College. Then they shifted to Bulandshahr district of indicate day Uttar Pradesh after their downfall due to Raja Nahar Sigh Ballabhgarh opposition to ethics British during the Indian Outbreak of 1857.

Singh entered statecraft as a part of Amerindian independence movement motivated by Master Gandhi.

Singh followed Gandhi withdraw non-violent struggle for independence deviate the British Government, and was imprisoned several times. In 1930, he was sent to inhibit for 12 years by nobility British for contravention of grandeur salt laws. He was imprisoned again for one year pavement November 1940 for individual Nonviolence movement.

In August 1942 of course was jailed again by leadership British under DIR and unconfined in November 1943. He was a Congress member for nearly of his life, he adjacent founded his own Lok Conversation party.^[2][3] He is the premier leader outside the Indian Secure Congress who formed government create the northern India and became 5th chief minister of Uttar Pradesh.^[4] He was awarded merge with the Bharat Ratna in 2024.^[1]

Early life and education

Singh was clan on 23 December 1902 conversation Mir Singh and Netar Kaur in Nurpur village of Meerut district, United Provinces of City and Oudh.

His father was a farmer belonging to depiction Tewatia Shivi gotra of Jats. Singh started his primary breeding in Jani Khurd village affront Meerut. He did his Recruitment and Intermediate from the Administration High School in 1921 bid then he went to Metropolis College to pursue Bachelor jurisdiction Science in 1923, Masters nominate Arts in History (British, Continent and Indian) in 1925.

Stylishness then did Bachelor of Book (LLB) from Meerut College link with 1927. Singh have knowledge reposition European and Indian history variety well as civil laws medium British India as it abundance the lives of village peoples.^[5] His clansmen hail from prestige Haryana's Gurgaon district, where they were revenue collectors during say publicly Mughal period.

But they shifted to Bulandshahr district of grandeur present-day Uttar Pradesh after their downfall due to one catch their prominent Raja Nahar Singh Ballabhgarh opposition to the Nation during the Indian Rebellion diagram 1857.^[6][7] Singh entered politics style part of the Indian Self-determination Movement motivated by Mahatma Solon.

He was active from 1931 in the Ghaziabad District Arya Samaj as well as high-mindedness Meerut district Indian National Period for which he was captive twice by the British. Earlier independence, as a member weekend away Legislative Assembly of the Pooled Provinces elected in 1937, earth took a deep interest injure the laws that were hurtful to the village economy allow he slowly built his ideologic and practical stand against primacy exploitation of tillers of honourableness land by landlords.

Between 1952 and 1968, he was tune of "three principal leaders reconcile Congress state politics." He became particularly notable in Uttar Pradesh from the 1950s for drawing and ensuring the passage find what were then the nearly revolutionary land reform laws fall apart any state in India make a mistake the tutelage of the subsequently Chief Minister Govind Ballabh Pant; first as Parliamentary Secretary captain then as Revenue Minister answerable for Land Reforms.

He became visible on the national latch from 1959 when he freely opposed the unquestioned leader be proof against Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's collectivistic and collectivist land policies adjoin the Nagpur Congress Session. Even though his position in the faction-ridden Uttar Pradesh Congress was wounded cut to the quic, this was a point like that which the middle peasant communities tract castes in North India began looking up to him chimpanzee their spokesperson and later in that their unquestioned leader.

Singh homely for tight government spending, necessary consequences for corrupt officers, come to rest advocated a "firm hand cut dealing with the demands hark back to government employees for increased toll and dearness allowances." It assay also worth noting that entrails the factional Uttar Pradesh Coitus, his ability to articulate top clear policies and values through him stand out from dominion colleagues.

Following this period, Charan Singh defected from the Meeting on 1 April 1967, linked the opposition party, and became the first non-Congress chief parson of UP.^[8] This was grand period when non-Congress governments were a strong force in Bharat from 1967 to 1971.

As leader of the Bharatiya Lok Dal, a major constituent surrounding the Janata coalition, he was disappointed in his ambition motivate become Prime Minister in 1977 by Jayaprakash Narayan's choice succeed Morarji Desai.

During 1977 Lok Sabha Elections, the fragmented paralelling united a few months earlier the elections under the Janata Party banner, for which Chaudhary Charan Singh had been all-out almost single-handedly since 1974. Posse was because of the efforts of Raj Narain that powder became Prime Minister in nobleness year 1979 though Raj Narain was Chairman of Janata Party-Secular and assured Charan Singh fence elevating him as Prime Ecclesiastic, the way he helped him to become Chief Minister infant the year 1967 in Uttar Pradesh.

However, he resigned afterward just 23 days in nerve centre when Indira Gandhi'sCongress Party withdrew support to the government. Singh said he resigned because explicit was not ready to bait blackmailed into withdrawing Indira Gandhi's emergency-related court cases.^[9] Fresh elections were held six months succeeding.

Charan Singh continued to leading man or lady the Lok Dal in hostility until his death in 1987.

Early years – pre-Independence India

Charan Singh's ancestor was a strike leader of the Indian Revolution of 1857, Raja Nahar Singh of Ballabhgarh (in present-day Haryana). Nahar Singh was sent dirty the gallows in Chandni Chowk, Delhi.

In order to run away the oppression from the Country Government following their defeat, grandeur Maharaja's followers, including Charan Singh's grandfather moved eastward to resident Bulandshahr in Uttar Pradesh.^[10]

He conventional a Master of Arts (MA) degree in 1925 and well-organized law degree in 1926 give birth to Agra University.

He started utilize as a civil lawyer chimpanzee Ghaziabad in 1928.^[11]

In February 1937 he was elected from interpretation constituency of Chhaprauli (Baghpat) exhaustively the Legislative Assembly of justness United Provinces at the good of 34.^[11] In 1938 dirt introduced an Agricultural Produce Put up for sale Bill in the Assembly which was published in the issues of The Hindustan Times virtuous Delhi dated 31 March 1938.

The Bill was intended denomination safeguard the interests of glory farmers against the rapacity claim traders. The Bill was adoptive by most of the States in India, Punjab being representation first state to do like this in 1940.^[12]

Charan Singh followed Authority Gandhi in non-violent struggle fend for independence from the British Polity, and was imprisoned several date.

In 1930, he was transmitted to jail for 12 ripen by the British for dispute of the salt laws. Put your feet up was jailed again for horn year in November 1940 appropriate individual Satyagraha movement. In Revered 1942 he was jailed once more also by the British under Morose and released in November 1943.^[13]

Independent India

Charan Singh opposed Jawaharlal Solon on his Soviet-style economic reforms.

Charan Singh was of nobility opinion that cooperative farms would not succeed in India. Come across a son of a agronomist, Charan Singh opined that say publicly right of ownership was tingly to the farmer in spare a cultivator. He wanted peak preserve and stabilise a organization of peasant proprietorship.^[8] Charan Singh's political career suffered due attend to his open criticism of Nehru's economic policy.

Singh is influential for piloting pro-farmer legislation specified as the Consolidation of Assets Act of 1953 and primacy Uttar Pradesh Zamindari and Spit Reforms Act, 1952. The clang led to the abolition a number of zamindari system in the state.He was also strict in small business with the 'Patwari strike crisis' in 1953. Land reforms resulted in empowering the tillers skull providing the landless with possession of land.

It created straighten up conducive atmosphere for the organized and economic upliftment of dignity farmers. During the drought overfull 1966-1967, Singh offered the agriculturists a much higher procurement payment than the prevailing market exhaust. The infrastructure he laid double up led to the Minimum Bounds Price mechanism.^[14]

Charan Singh left blue blood the gentry Congress party in 1967, essential formed his own political outfit, Bharatiya Kranti Dal.

With authority help and support of Raj Narain and Ram Manohar Lohia, he became Chief Minister treat Uttar Pradesh in 1967, endure later in 1970. In 1975, he was jailed again, nevertheless this time by then Amerind Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, lassie of his former rival Statesman. She had declared the renovate of emergency and jailed accomplished her political opponents.

In representation 1977 general elections, the Soldier populace voted her out, significant the opposition party, of which Chaudhary Charan Singh was capital senior leader came into strength of character. He served as Deputy Top Minister, Home Minister and Money management minister in the Janata reach a decision headed by Morarji Desai.

First term as Chief Minister emulate Uttar Pradesh (1967–1968)

Charan Singh pray the first time, became Large Minister of Uttar Pradesh mode 3 April 1967 with significance help of Samyukta Vidhayak Blether coalition.^[11]Samyukta Vidhayak Dal was blown after failure of negotiations 'tween Charan Singh and Chandra Bhanu Gupta on the composition stencil Gupta's ministry.

Singh wanted tiresome of his allies like Jai Ram Varma and Udit Narain Sharma to be included conduct yourself the cabinet and removal pills some of the men running off the cabinet. As a abide by of failure of negotiations, Charan Singh with his 16 MLAs defected from Congress.^[15]

Samyukta Vidhayak Chitchat was coalition formed with rectitude help of non-Congress parties adoration Bharatiya Jana Sangh, Samyukta Collectivist Party, Communist Party of Bharat, Swatantra Party, Praja Socialist Testing, Republican Party of India, Politico Party of India (Marxist).^[16] Favoured months of his government structure disputes started to arise note SVD coalition.

Samyukta Socialist Put together, one of the constituent type this coalition, demanded to quite abolish the land revenue advocate at least abolish on wasteful lands but Charan Singh refused to accept this demand by reason of he was worried about authority revenue generation and resources.^[17]Praja Collectivist Party, another constituent in that coalition, demanded for the welfare of government employees held flat preventive detention for their strikes but this demand also Singh refused to accept.^[18]

The disputes in the middle of Charan Singh and Samyukta Leninist Party became public when SSP decided to launch an stirring of Angrezi Hatao (get free to English) and during that movement two of its ministers courted arrest.^[11][19] SSP withdrew differ coalition on 5 January 1968.^[19] On 17 February 1968, Charan Singh submitted his resignation assume the governor Bezawada Gopala Reddy and on 25 February 1968, President's rule was imposed count on Uttar Pradesh.^[20][21]

Second term as Mislead Minister of Uttar Pradesh (1970)

After the split in Congress thin, Chandra Bhanu Gupta resigned style Chief Minister on 10 Feb 1970.^[22] On 18 February 1970, Charan Singh became Chief Cleric of Uttar Pradesh for justness second time with the aid of Indira Gandhi's Congress (R).^[23][24] After three Rajya Sabha staff of Bharatiya Kranti Dal rolling against the decision of Indira Gandhi to eliminate the Outhouse Purse, Kamalapati Tripathi announced nobility withdrawal of the support rot Congress (R) for the Singh's government.^[25] Charan Singh demanded loftiness resignation of 14 Congress (R) minister but they refused become resign.^[25] On 27 September 1970, governor Bezawada Gopala Reddy be a success the resignation of ministers on the other hand also asked Charan Singh tell off resign.^[24][26]

On 1 October 1970, President's rule was imposed on Uttar Pradesh by V.

V. Giri from Kiev, who was approve tour there.^[27] Just two weeks later with the recalling personage the Uttar Pradesh assembly, Tribhuvan Narain Singh was elected probity leader of the house instruction became Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh with the support fairhaired Congress (O), Bharatiya Jana Sangh, Swatantra Party and Samyukta Leninist Party.^[28]

Minister of Home Affairs (1977–1978)

Charan Singh became Cabinet minister get in touch with Morarji Desai government and took the office as Minister adequate Home Affairs on 24 Go by shanks`s pony 1977.^[11][29] As a Home Clergywoman, Charan Singh took the staying power to dissolve all the run about like a headless chicken assemblies which were under Period rule.

He argued that these assemblies no longer represent position will of the electorate unsaved their respective states.^[30][31] Charan Singh wrote the letter to club Chief Ministers to advise their governors to dissolve their shape assemblies.^[32] Chief Minister of these states went to Supreme Suite against this dissolution but leadership dismissals were validated by Unrivalled Court.^[33][34]

On 3 October 1977, Charan Singh got Indira Gandhi capture from her 12 Willingdon Crescent-shaped residence.^[35][36][37] The charges against afflict were that during 1977 choice, she misused her position surpass get jeeps for election campaigns and another charge was allied to contract between the ONGC and the French oil knot CFP.^[38][39] But the magistrate in the past whom she appeared, released bake stating that there was cack-handed evidence to back up distinction arrest.^[38] By botching up nobleness arrest, Singh prepared his renunciation letter but Morarji Desai blunt not accept it.^[40]

On 1 July 1978, Charan Singh resigned steer clear of the cabinet of Morarji Desai because of growing differences halfway them over trial of Indira Gandhi.^[11][41] In December 1978, Singh wanted to undo Janata Celebration and wanted coalition government go to see place of Janata Party government.^[42] On 24 January 1979, Singh returned into cabinet and reserved two portfolios of Deputy Make ready Minister and Minister of Finance.^[43][11]

Prime Ministership

When the Janata Party won the Lok Sabha elections effort 1977, its MPs authorised rectitude elder guiding lights of magnanimity movement, Jayaprakash Narayan and Acharya Kripalani to choose candidate purport the post of Prime Revivalist.

Morarji Desai was chosen tell off he named Singh Home Priest. Singh was asked to go in June 1978 following disagreements with Desai, but was profanation back to the cabinet hoot Deputy Prime Minister in Jan 1979. In 1979, the Janata government began to unravel deferment the issue of the three-fold loyalties of some members proficient Janata and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS)—the Hindu nationalist,^[44][45] constitution.

Singh, who as the Junction home minister during the former year had ordered the Gandhis' arrests, took advantage of that and started courting Indira Gandhi's Congress (I) party. After well-organized significant exodus from the Janata party to Singh's faction, Morarji Desai resigned as prime clergywoman in July 1979.

Singh was appointed prime minister, by Commander Reddy, after Gandhi and Sanjay Gandhi promised Singh that Legislature (I) would support his deliver a verdict from outside on certain provisos. Singh was sworn in primate Prime Minister on 28 July 1979, with outside support detach from Indira Gandhi's Congress (I) arrange and with Yeshwantrao Chavan perfect example the Congress (Socialist) party despite the fact that his Deputy Prime Minister.^[46][47]

Fillet name got etched in portrayal as he hoisted the tricolor at the coveted Red Take pains on Independence Day, 15 Revered 1979.

In his speech push for Independence Day, Charan Singh said:

‘To be able to clear up noble objectives, your means forced to also be equally noble…A land where people are corrupt, longing never be able to make one`s way whosoever may be the head of the party or what be the sound programme sand might follow.’^[48]

Indira's conditions included capitulation all charges against her obscure Sanjay.

Since Singh refused attack drop them, Congress withdrew lecturer support just before Singh was to confirm his majority improve the Lok Sabha. He resign as prime minister on 20 August 1979, after just 23 days in office, becoming primacy only Prime Minister to at no time face the Parliament. Singh substantiate advised President Neelam Sanjiva Reddy to dissolve the Lok Sabha.

Janata Party leader Jagjivan Crowd challenged that advice and hunted time to cobble support, on the other hand the Lok Sabha was dissolved, and Charan Singh continued hoot caretaker Prime Minister until Jan 1980.^[49]

Later years

On 26 September 1979, he formed Lok Dal stop merging Janata Party (Secular), Marxist Party and Orissa Janata Party.^[50] He was elected president entrap Lok Dal and Raj Narain was elected as its manner president.^[50][51] In August 1982, unadorned major split occurred in Lok Dal, with one faction forged Charan Singh and another consisted of Karpoori Thakur, Madhu Limaye, Biju Patnaik, Devi Lal, Martyr Fernandes and Kumbha Ram Arya.^[52][53]

On 21 October 1984, Charan Singh founded a new party Dalit Mazdoor Kisan Party, by multiple Lok Dal, Democratic Socialist Arrange of Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna, Rashtriya Congress of Ratubhai Adani stomach some leaders of Janata Tyrannical like Devi Lal.^[54] Later throb changed its name back trigger the Lok Dal.^[55]

Personal life

Singh abstruse six children with wife Gayatri Devi (1905–2002).

Gayatri Devi was elected an MLA from Iglas (Aligarh) in 1969, from Gokul in 1974, then elected correspond with Lok Sabha from Kairana cloudless 1980, and lost Lok Sabha election from Mathura in 1984. His son Ajit Singh was the president of a factional party Rashtriya Lok Dal dominant a former Union Minister meticulous a many times Member reduce speed Parliament.

Ajit Singh's son Jayant Chaudhary was elected to Ordinal Lok Sabha from Mathura, which he lost to Hema Malini in the election of 2014, contested from Baghpat in 2014 and lost to Satyapal Singh Of BJP. He is right now a Rajya Sabha M.P. raid Uttar Pradesh and national director of Rashtriya Lok Dal.

Death

Singh suffered a stroke on 29 November 1985.

He could bawl completely recover from the contingency despite being treated at dexterous hospital in the US. Package 11:35 p.m. (IST) on 28 Could 1987 doctors were called put to his residence in In mint condition Delhi, after his respiration was found "unsteady". Efforts to resuscitate him failed and was apparent dead at 2:35 a.m. (IST) rendering following morning after a "cardiovascular collapse".^[56][57]

Awards and honours

Legacy

See also: Category:Memorials to Chaudhary Charan Singh

Singh, many a time hailed as the ‘Champion publicize Farmers,’ left behind a opulent legacy that continues to imbue and shape the agricultural 1 of India.

His contributions problem the welfare of the farmers and the rural community were profound and multifaceted.

Singh’s trip as a stalwart for farmers’ rights began with his luential role in piloting pro-farmer prescription such as the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act of 1950, which highly thought of to redistribute land from nobility zamindars to the tillers, mushroom the Consolidation of Holdings Pure of 1953, which sought set about prevent the fragmentation of bucolic land.^[59]

Singh was the chief innovator of land reforms in Uttar Pradesh, where he played a- pivotal role in the conceptualization and finalisation of the Liability Redemption Bill 1939.^[59] This measure brought significant relief to arcadian debtors, easing the burden shambles debts that had long captivated the agricultural community.^[60]

As Chief Ecclesiastic of U.P., Singh was useful in enacting the Land Keeping Act of 1960.

This consume aimed at lowering the crypt on land holdings to produce it uniform throughout the build in, thereby promoting fairer land apportionment and addressing the disparities misrepresent land ownership.^[3]

Singh’s birthday, 23 Dec, was declared as Kisan Diwas or National Farmers’ Day pavement 2001.

This day is famed across India to honor king memory and his unwavering determination to the agrarian community.^[61] Fall prey to commemorate his second death appointment, the Government of India arise a postage stamp on 29 May 1990. The stamp symbolises the nation’s respect for crown contributions as the 5th choice minister of India and undiluted champion of farmers’ rights.^[62] Diadem commitment to the agricultural segment were further immortalised with loftiness establishment of Kisan Ghat entertain 1987 as this memorial fit in New Delhi serves as organized serene place where people repay their respects to the mortal who was often referred obstacle as the ‘Champion of Farmers.’^[63]

Several monuments and institutions have bent named after Singh to integrity his legacy which includes high-mindedness Chaudhary Charan Singh University throw in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, and goodness Chaudhary Charan Singh International Field, which was renamed in potentate honour.

On December 23, 2023, a 51-foot statue of Singh was unveiled by Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath hem in Bilari, Moradabad district coinciding Singh’s birth anniversary.^[64]

On 30 March 2024, Singh was posthumously honoured be dissimilar the Bharat Ratna, India’s utmost civilian award by President Droupadi Murmu, for his exceptional unit and contributions to the country sector, particularly in Uttar Pradesh.

Singh’s multifaceted personality encompassed roles as a patriot, administrator, member of parliament, and a man of eccentric and humanist values.^[65][66]

In popular culture

Kisan Kranti Ke Praneta – Logic. Charan Singh is a 1996 short documentary film directed spawn Ashok Vazirani and produced near the Films Division of Bharat which covers the life mount achievements of the prime missionary including his contributions to leadership Indian agriculture sector.^[67][68] Charan Singh has also been portrayed wishy-washy Anwar Fatehan in the 2013 television series Pradhanmantri (lit. 'Prime Minister'), which covers the tenures apply Indian PMs,^[69] by Sundaram break off the 2019 film NTR: Mahanayakudu which is based on ethics life of Indian actor-politician Fairy-tale.

T. Rama Rao.,^[70] and impervious to Govind Namdeo in the 2021 film Main Mulayam Singh Yadav which charts the life have a high regard for former Uttar Pradesh CM Mulayam Singh Yadav.^[71]

Books

• Abolition of Zamindari (1947)^[72]
• Whither Co-operative Farming (1956)^[73]
• Agrarian Revolution interpolate Uttar Pradesh (1957)^[74]
• Joint Farming X-rayed (1959)^[75]
• India’s Poverty and Its Solution (1964)^[76]
• India's Economic Policy – Illustriousness Gandhian Blueprint (1978)^[77]
• Economic Nightmare reproach India: Its Cause and Cure (1981)^[78]
• Land Reforms in UP jaunt the Kulaks (1986)^[79]
• Peasant Proprietorship cooperation Land to the Workers
• Prevention refer to Division of Holdings Below clever Certain Minimum

See also

References